Weeds belonging to the lower group of plants include liverwort, algae, moss, nostoc etc. These groups represent some of the oldest organisms on earth and play an important part in the ecosystems. However, in greenhouse and nursery ornamental production systems often, these weeds can cause severe loss due to high competition for limited resources and reduction in the aesthetic values of the crops.

In this presentation, audience will learn about various nonchemical and chemical strategies and latest research update from Michigan State University to control these lower groups of weeds in ornamental production.